内容Peter Lutz, PhD, brilliantly traverses the major milestones along the evolutionary path of biomedicine from earliest recorded times to the dawn of the 20th century. With an engaging narrative that will have you turning "just one more page" well into the night, this book revealingly demonstrates just how the modern scientific method has been shaped by the past. Along the way the reader is treated to some delightfully obscure anecdotes and a treasure trove of rich illustrations that chronicle the tortuous history of biomedical developments, ranging from the bizarre and amusing to the downright macabre. The reader will also be introduced to the major ideas shaping contemporary physiology and the social context of its development, and also gain an understanding of how advances in biological science have occasionally been improperly used to satisfy momentary social or political needs. Table of Contents Foreword v Bob Boutilier Preface vii List of Color Plates xiii 1 Introduction: Science Is Improbable 1 (8) 2 The Beginnings 9 (8) Myth and Magic 9 (3) Mesopotamia 12 (1) Egypt 13 (4) 3 Early Greek Science 17 (8) The Milesians 17 (2) The Post-Milesians 19 (4) The Soul 23 (1) Summary 23 (2) 4 The Age of Plato and Aristotle 25 (10) Plato and Theory 25 (2) Aristotle and Observation 27 (8) 5 The Alexandrian Period: The Age of the 35 (6) Experiment and the Textbook 6 The Roman Period 41 (8) Celsus 41 (1) Pliny 42 (1) Galen 43 (6) 7 The Middle Ages 49 (8) 8 Islamic Science 57 (8) 9 Scholasticism and Science 65 (8) 10 Renaissance I: The Birth of Science 73 (14) 11 Renaissance II: The Birth of 87 (6) Experimental Biology 12 The New Physiology 93 (12) Iatrochemistry 93 (3) Iatrophysics 96 (9) 13 New Technology, New Physiology 105 (8) The New World of the Very Small: The 105 (5) Microscope Vital Air: The Development of Pumps and 110 (1) Early Theories of Respiration The Thermometer and Body Heat 111 (2) 14 Reaction and Opposition 113 (6) 15 The Enlightenment and Rational Biology 119 (18) Rational Biology 119 (1) The Emergence of Physiology 120 (17) 16 Transition to the Nineteenth Century: 137 (8) Popular Science, Eccentric Science, and Romantic Physiology Hunter and Spallanzani: The Last Great 137 (2) All-Rounders The Science Museum: Collecting and 139 (3) Displaying Romantic Physiology 142 (3) 17 Consolidation of Experimental Biology 145 (16) Respiration 145 (4) Metabolic Chemistry 149 (2) Internal Secretions 151 (1) Renal Physiology 152 (2) Digestion 154 (4) Benefits 158 (2) New Fields 160 (1) 18 Evolution and Physiology 161 (4) 19 Physiology Abused 165 (14) Gullibility 166 (2) Reckless Intervention 168 (2) Evolutionary Genetics and Social 170 (9) Repression 20 Today 179 (4) What is Science? 179 (1) Biology Today 180 (3) References 183 (6) List of Illustrations 189 (6) Index 195 (6) Biography 201
